Watch algorithms find the shortest path through obstacles
Guarantees the shortest path by exploring nodes in order of their distance from the start. Works with weighted edges but doesn't use heuristics.
Time: O((V + E) log V)
Combines Dijkstra with a heuristic (estimated distance to goal). Faster than Dijkstra while still guaranteeing the shortest path.
Time: O(E) with good heuristic
Explores all neighbors at the current depth before moving deeper. Guarantees shortest path for unweighted graphs.
Time: O(V + E)
Explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Does NOT guarantee shortest path!
Time: O(V + E)